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Especially the very early stages are difficult to study in casing soil due to their microscopically small size. As for the evolution within the Asterosporales, it is concluded that the degradation of certain characters in the gasteromycetoid forms (Heim, Malençon) need not contradict the arguments advanced by R. The intermediate stages are cords (C), Hyphal knots (HK), undifferentiated primordia (UP) and from differentiated primordia (DP) to Fruiting bodies (FP) in 7 stages (adapted from Hammond and Nichols ). The fundamental differences between the development of true Aphyllophorales and that of cantharelloid fungi, Agaricales, and Gasteromycetes are emphasized. Watling’s carpophoroids of Psilocybe merdaria are considered. Hyphal knots/primordia 26777750 - 06/23/20 08:30 PM (3 years, 14 days ago) Edit : Reply : Quote : Quick Reply: Im sure Im the millionth person to ask, but can someone verify these are knots Ive been lurking and learning. Fritsche the conclusion is drawn that 59c is a gigas-form. Strain 59b is homologous with the bulb tissue of a normal fruitbody of Agaricus bisporus. The tissue of the bulbs of the strains 59b and 59c of Agaricus bisporus is analyzed. Formation of the mycelial cords has been described in great detail by Mathew, (with drawings) and is further discussed, together with primordium formation by Umar and Van Griensven 9,10,11,12). The heteromerous trama of the Asterosporales and the trama of the Amanitaceae, characterized by acrophysalides, are considered to be derived from the young trama of other Agaricales. Hyphal knots are formed on the strands, and in turn develop into primordia. The diverse kinds of cell formation in the primordia of Agaricales are treated at some length, the conception meristemoid is defined, and a comparison with the development of some of the true Aphyllophorales is made. The young pileus trama of many species shows the same characteristics these also occur in the trunk of Ramaria, in young bulbs of Gasteromycetes, and in various veils. The latter structure, present in many species of Agaricales, is found in its perfect form in the trama of the Amanitaceae, which recalls the trama of the Russulaceae. The hyphal knots present themselves as bundles of hyphae, which may or may not be the centre of cell division, or as agglomerations of cells surrounded by coiled hyphae. It is characterized by peculiar configurations: free tips of branches, sinuous hyphae, loops, spirals and rings (sometimes enclosing another hypha) and hyphal knots. At the base of the stipe in Agaricales basal plectenchyma is found which may enlarge to form a bulb.